During the construction of a discrete transistor a chemical optimisation process take place for each pieces of silicon according to there application (NPN or PNP). This optimisation process is critical to the performance of the final product. Some of the benefit included:
-optimized for breakdown voltage and performance
-optimized for near-true complementary
But this process can not take place on an intergraded circuit since all transistors is fabricated on the same piece of silicon. This is one of the major drawn back of an intergraded circuit compare to a discrete circuit.
All components on the silicone dice are formed by droplet of chemical. This fabrication process can not create quality parts like the 1% tolerant metal film resistor, or the super stable silver mica capacitor. Since they are all connected (hence integrated) they can not be individually tested and matched
In an IC opamp the
conductor layer that connects all the parts is formed by a layer
of aluminium vapor that is thinner than the water vapor left on
foggy windscreen. . This poor conductor is the silent killer to
musical texture.
The close
proximity of components also poses a problem for audio signals,
where that delicate signal that music lovers pursue, will be
masked by EMI noise.
In the end,
the consumer is getting an opamp that is built with a bunch of
second grade parts that is unable to yield the best results,
connected via a thin layer of aluminium foil.
An IC opamp is nothing more than a cost cutting substitute
which we hate with a passion!
Discrete Component |
Internal Construction |
Integrated substitute |
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To learn more about the
fabrication process of Intergraded Circuits please visit the
following links: Intergraded Circuits
"How Can We Create an
Integrated Circuit from Sand?" Exploration 1B: Comparing
Macroscopic and Microscopic Circuit Components by Melonie A.
Teichert, Angelica M. Stacy, Alice C. Rico, Susan E. Kegley,
Jennifer G. Loeser, Marco Molinaro, and Susan E. Walden.
Applets programming by Cora Estrada and Toshiro Horie.Circuit
images by Marco Molinaro, Susan Walden and Sue
Whitmore.
"The History of the
Integrated Circuit" by Nobelprize .org History of the Integrated Circuit
(http://chemistry.beloit.edu/Chip/pages/macromic.html)
Reference:
“Plasmas and Plasma-Surface Interactions” by Dr Paul May
, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
“Integrated
circuits” by Integrated Publishing, USA
“Integrated circuit” Wikipedia, The free
encyclopedia
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